The Agency Risk Management (Arm) Division Is Helping The

The Agency Risk Management (ARM) Division is helping the Condemnation Review Board (CRB) and the Right-of-Way (ROW) Division Chief with their Tomahawk condemnation case risk assessment process. Establishing the Risk Context The ARM established the risk context for the Tomahawk case. One of the main objectives of the Department is the construction of roads and bridges for safety traffic. Sometimes, it will need to acquire right-of-way involving adjacent parcels to develop projects. These acquisitions create a risk context that would affect other aspects of the project such as scope, budget, schedule, and quality. In addition, an early impact to the schedule would affect the stakeholders and the team involved in the project development.†¦show more content†¦This means that the Starr Avenue will cross under the freeway profile; the drivers on the freeway will be able to full view the parcel without any impediment. This condition eliminates the misunderstood assumption. Please see the attached exhibit A. Another important assumption in the evaluation is that the parcel in the after-condition losses access from the north and from the west side of the parcel due to the required drainage permanent eas ement (PE). Both of the above-mentioned assumptions are important because Anderson based the after-condition severance damages on them, as explained later on this memo. On February 24, 2017, the CRB met with the ARM, AGO, and the OPC to discuss the Tomahawk case. The objective was to decide between the full and partial take of the parcel. The appraisal was analyzed including the assumptions mentioned above. Considering the lack of visibility (misunderstood assumption) and lack of access assumptions the severance damages were calculated at 75% of the underlying unit price ($15.00/sf), which means that the Remaining cost of the parcel is 25% of $15.00/sf ($3.75/sf) . At that time, the AGO and CRB recommended the full take due to the simplicity of the process. Their reasoning on this recommendation was that the cost of the full take was 14% higher than the partial take cost. With this recommendation, the NDOT could avoid the risk of having further parcel associated claims from the parcel owner. As a follow up itemShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Community Policing4682 Words   |  19 PagesCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Community policing is a policing strategy and philosophy based on the notion that community interaction and support can help control crime and reduce fear, with community members helping to identify suspects, detain offenders, bring problems to the attention of police, or otherwise target the social problems which give rise to a crime problem in the first place. 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Advertising Effectiveness Essay 2 - 3052 Words

ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF PROMOTION MIX People no longer buy shoes to keep there feet warm and dry. They buy them because of the way the shoes make them feel masculine, feminine, rugged, different, sophisticated, young, glamorous, in buying shoes has become an emotional experience . Our business now is selling excitement rather than shoes. - Francis C. Rooney Modern marketing calls for more than developing a good product it attractively and making it accessible to target customers. Companies must also communicate with their present and potential customers. Every company is inevitably cast into the role of communicator and promoter. What is communicated, however should not be left to change. To communicate effectively;†¦show more content†¦Advertising may persuade with information; it may persuade with emotion: more frequently, it endeavours to persuade with some mixture of both. 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Navajo Code Talkers the Unspoken Heroes of World War II Free Essays

It’s a normal day in June 1944 and we were located on the Pacific Island of Saipan. As were walking through the lush, tangled wilderness with dense sugar-cane, steep ravines and jagged volcanic mountains, there was no such thing as a battle line for us soldiers. Danger was everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Navajo Code Talkers: the Unspoken Heroes of World War II or any similar topic only for you Order Now The unseen enemy could be hidden by the thick tropical vegetation and the pitch black darkness of the new mooned night. Our eyes where constantly looking from the left to the right as we crossed by the walls of caves looking at the trees sprouting out of them for barrels pointing back. When we would stop for the night, we cherished the passing day, for we know tomorrow could be our last. One morning as we woke up from our uncomfortable beds, the ground, we noticed a silence along the enemy front. Carefully we scouted the terrain. They were gone. The Japanese had abandoned the area and retreated to new ground. As we inspected the area where they once occupied, suddenly artillery shells exploded all around us. I jumped to the ground as shrapnel exploded and flew overhead striking the tree that was behind me. We were being attacked. Not by the Japanese, but from our own guns. The radioman started shouting, â€Å"We are Americans! Stop The Artillery! † Nothing stopped, for the artillery commanders faced a known problem. The Japanese were far more fluent in English then we were in Japanese and have been known to send out faulty reports in perfect English. They thought it was just an enemy trick. â€Å"Stop Firing! We are Americans! † was echoed through the radio, each one more desperate then the last. Finally, a message was sent back, â€Å"Do you have a Navajo? † I was rushed forward, almost swept off my feet. Handing over my rifle to the radioman and started talking code. Within seconds the artillery stopped (Bruchac 2005, 135-7). This was a reenactment of an incident involving the United States marines during World War II. Sixteen-year-old Ned Begay, a Native American Navajo from Arizona, was at this fire fight on Bougainville, an area of Saipan, where U. S. troops fired on their own solders, not knowing that they were not the enemy. If it wasn’t for the Navajo code talker, more men would have died that day. This paper will cover many topics about the Navajo code talkers, including how they were formed, how the code was used to save American lives throughout the war. Finally, I will talk about what happened to the after the war. By providing this information, I how that it will strike a new incite of what the unspoken heroes of World War II went through. During the beginning of World War II, the Japanese was able to break every code that the United States created. The Japanese had more solders that were fluent in English, making it easy to crack the codes and create false orders that would sent our solders to their death. While the U. S. military was struggling with a way to find an unbeatable code, a civilian came up with the answer. Philip Johnston, a civil engineer for the city of Los Angles, came across a news article stating that the military had an armored division in Louisiana that was using Native American languages for secret communications. Philip Johnston, son of William and Margaret Johnston, was a Protestant missionary to the Navajo for many years. Philip had spent his childhood with the Navajo and was one of the few outsiders to be fluent in the Navajo language. At an early age, he served as a translator for his parents and for other outsiders and by the age of nine, Philip traveled to Washington D.  C. to translate for a Navajo delegation that asked President Theodore Roosevelt to look into the governments treatment of the Navajos and their neighbors (AAaseng 1992, 18). Philip knew that the Navajo language was virtually impossible for an adult to master. Every syllable in the Navajo language had to pronounce correctly. Of one was to change the tone of the syllables, the word could have a completely different meaning, causing the sentence to misunderstood. This was due to the Navajo uses of four different tones, low, high, rising, and falling (AAaseng 1992, 18). Johnston had learned how secret codes where essential for military operation while enlisted with the French during World War I. The more he thought about it, the more convinced he was that it would work. In February of 1942, Johnston met with Lieutenant Colonel James Jones, a signal officer, and was greeted with uncertainty and misbelieves. Johnston pointed out that knowledge of other Native American languages would be of no use to the enemy in understanding the Navajo language. Navajos where so isolated from the world that the language was as foreign to other tribes as it was to outsiders. In addition to this, the Navajo language was a spoken language and had no alphabet and there for couldn’t be reduced to a written format that can be studied afar. After many hours of arguments and demonstrations, in March 1942, he was able to present a demonstration to an audience that included Major General Vogel and Colonel Wethered Woodward from the marine headquarters in Washington D. C. Johnston was able to gain the cooperation of four Navajos living in the Las Angeles area and a Navajo who was enlisted with the marines (AAaseng 1992, 21). He divided the four Navajos into two groups and had the sent messages back and forth, while the Navajo marine was attempting to translate the messages. After the demonstration, the Navajo Marine was unable to translate a signal word. General Vogel was so impressed that in February 1942, just two months after the booming of Pear Harbor, Philip Johnston was asked to prepare a proposal for organizing and using the Navajo code Talkers. In May 1942, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp. They were known as the â€Å"first 29. † At Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, this first group created the Navajo code. They developed an elaborate dictionary and hundreds of words for military terms [ (Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet n. d. ) ]. The dictionary and all code words had to be memorized during training for the Navajos where not allowed to write down any of of the code. Furthermore, while enlisted, they were not allowed to write to their families for fear that the letters would be used to try to break the code. Once the Navajo code talker completed his training, he was sent to a Marine unit who was deployed in the Pacific. The code talkers’ primary job was to talk, transmitting information on tactics and troop movements, orders and other vital battlefield communications over telephones and radios. They also acted as messengers, and performed general Marine duties. While in combat, it was rumered that for each code talker, there was an officer assigned to protect him from cabture. If for any reason that the officer felt that the code would fall into enamy hands, the officer was ordered to kill the code talker to protect the code. One of the great triumphs for the Navajo code talkers was the battle at Iwo Jima in February of 1945. The island was so small that on most maps you couldn’t see the island at all. Although small, this island was of great importance. The new boomers that the United States were using, the B-29, was flying a 3000-mile round-trip when booming Japan. Due to the length of this trip many pilots where getting shot down. Iwo Jima was the answer. Iwo Jima would be able to be used as an emergency landing field to assist the pilot’s chances. At Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, had six Navajo Code Talkers [ (Bingaman n. d. ) ]. The Major estimated that it would only take ten days, at the max, to win the battle. A month later, in March, was the island declared secure. By the end of the battle, the Navajo code talkers send and received over 800 messages, all without error, 6,800 U. S. soldiers died and nearly 20,000 more where wounded. Major Connor declared, â€Å"Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima† [ (AAaseng 1992, 88-97) ]. September 2, 1945 aboard the battleship A. S. S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the surrender from the Japanese was signed and World War II was officially over. The Navajo code was unable to be broken throughout the war. Because of this the code was classified as Top Secret and would remain so for over twenty years after the end of the war. It wasn’t until 1968 that the code was declassified and the Navajo code talkers would be able to tell their story. In 1982, the code talkers were given a Certificate of Recognition by U. S. President Ronald Reagan, who also named August 14, 1982 â€Å"Navajo Code Talkers Day† [ (Jr. n. d. ) ]. On December 21, 2000, Bill Clinton signed Public Law 106-554, 114 Statute 2763, which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to twenty-nine World War II Navajo code talkers. In July 2001, U.  S. President George W. Bush personally presented the Medal to four surviving code talkers at a ceremony held in the Capitol Rotunda in Washington, DC. Gold medals were presented to the families of the 24 code talkers that where no longer with us [ (Gray 2001) ]. For many the Navajo code talkers played an important role in World War II. From when Johnston realized how the Navajo language would benefit America, the formation of the code, and how long it would take for the Navajo to be recognized for their part in the war, the Navajo where truly the unspoken heroes of World War II. How to cite Navajo Code Talkers: the Unspoken Heroes of World War II, Essay examples

Ernest Miller Hemingway Was Born In Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Essay Example For Students

Ernest Miller Hemingway Was Born In Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Essay Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write some of his most famous novels. Most of which spoke of the horrors of the war (Benson xi). Hemingways short stories, Soldiers Home and Another Country are used to show the damaging psychological and physical effects of World War I. Hemingway knew first hand the horrors of war. In May of 1918, Hemingway became an honorary second lieutenant in the Red Cross, but could not join the army because he had a defective left eye. Hemingway first went to Paris, and soon after receiving new orders he traveled to Milan, Italy. The day he arrived, an ammunition factory exploded and he had to carry mutilated bodies and body parts to a makeshift morgue. This was definitely a most terrifying moment for the young Hemingway. After being seriously injured weeks later, Hemingway found himself recovering at a hospital in Milan. After his stay at the American Hospital in Milan, Hemingway was relieved of duty (Mitran 1). Having no other purpose in Europe, he returned unhappily to Oak Park, Illinois. The impression left on Hemingway by his stay in Italy had changed him profoundly. He never really returned to America as an America(Meyer 115). When Hemingway returned home from Italy in January of 1919 he found Oak Park dull compared to the adventures of war, the beauty of foreign lands, and the romance of an older woman. He was only nineteen but the war had matured him beyond his years. He was now living with his parents who didnt really appreciate what he had been through. His parents whereconcerned about his future and wanted him to get a job, and further his education. Hemingway could not find anything he would be interested in. Hemingway often exaggerated his war stories to satisfy his audience. This frustrating period of his life was used to create the short story called, Soldiers Home (Meyer 115). Hemingways story Soldiers Home conveys his feelings of frustration and shame upon returning home to a town and to parents who still had a romantic notion of war and who didnt understand the psychological impact the war had had on him. They would never be able to comprehend what war was all about. The character of Krebs obviously represents Hemingway. Krebs, after graduating from a Methodist college in Kansas, enlisted in the Marines in 1917. He didnt return to the U.S. until years after the war. He came back much too late. (Hemingway 115) By the time he got back, the people of his town where already tired of the atrocity stories of war (Hemingway 116). He felt the urge to talk about his experiences, but no one wanted to listen. This drove Krebs to lie. It seemed to be the only way anyone would listen to him at first. After lying twice, he also had begun to dislike war stories and was turned off by it. This was due to the fact no one even listened to him even when he lied. Even his li es didnt interest people; they already had heard these stories before. Soon Krebs lies and exaggeration resulted in acquiring the feeling of nausea. He would sometimes talk to other soldiers and Krebs would fall into the easy pose of the old soldier among other soldiers: that he had been badly, sickeningly frightened all the time. In this way he lost everything. (Hemingway 116)The war affected him in such a way that it seemed like he was left with little or no emotions. The Marines had taught Krebs that no man needs a woman. They taught him that women involve too much work and only cause problems. Trying to obtain a relationship involved to many consequences. It wouldnt be worth going through the pain of heartbreak or rejection. He would sit on his porch, and watch women walk by. He admired their clothing, their hair, and they way they walked. He wanted a girl, but didnt want to work for one. He didnt want to go through having the stress and pressure when trying to get a girl. He di d not want any consequences. (Hemingway 117) The only one who treated him like a hero was his little sister. Krebs faith in religion was also effected. It seemed like all his faith faded after the war. His mother explains to Krebs that, God has some work for everyone to do. There cant be no idle hands in his Kingdom. Kreb replies, Im not in his Kingdom. (Hemingway 119) He seemed to have lost his emotions totally. Even as his mother tells him that she prays for him every day, he is too busy looking at the bacon fat hardening on his plate. (Hemingway 119)The war had definitely taken its toll on people who survived World War I. They come home from the war (if they come home at all) as different people. These people have seen things that most men will never see. Things that would change someones lives for the worst, things such as death and destruction. Not only were the soldiers affected psychologically but also physically. As shown in Soldiers Home, the character Krebs will never agai n be the same person he was before World War I. It seems as if his will to live has diminished. Krebs suffered harmful psychological effects, but what about the others that survived the war. Some werent even able to go back home after the war ended. .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .postImageUrl , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:visited , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:active { border:0!important; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:active , .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4 .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3357c88a279ad82f60309334a4dbd5b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tobacco Litigation and the Youth EssayHemingways short story, Another Country is about physically injured American soldiers in a hospital in Milan because of the war. These soldiers have sustained major injuries due to fighting on the battlefield. These men will never be the same again. One of the mens knees did not bend and his leg dropped straight from the knee to the ankle without a calf. (Hemingway 206) His leg was put into a machine to rejuvenate it. Next to this man was a major who had a hand like a little babys. Like the other man, his hand was attached to a machine. Before the war the major was the greatest fencer in Italy. After they were done with the machines th ey would go for a walk in town. Another boy joined sometimes, and he wore a black silk handkerchief across his face. This was because this boy had no nose, and his face was going to be rebuilt. He had gone out to the front from the military academy and been wounded within an hour after he had gone into the front line for the first time. (Hemingway 207)These devastating injuries due to the war changed these Americans soldiers lives forever. The boy with the injured leg loved playing football. Now he has to have his leg hooked up to a machine. The boy who lost his nose will never be looked at as a normal person ever again. The major as mentioned before was the greatest fencer in Italy. Now the majors hand resembled a babys. He, like the other boy used a machine to recuperate. The major asks the boy with the bad leg what his plans were after the war is over. The boy tells him he would go back to the states and get married. This infuriates the major greatly. He tells the boy he cant mar ry or he would lose everything (Hemingway 209). What the boy doesnt know is that the majors wife had died while he was at war. Because of the war he was not able to be with his wife who was only sick for a few days and was not expected to die. These men arent even able to go back home because of their injuries. (Hemingway 210)War can destroy and sometimes end a persons life. Hemingways short stories, Soldiers Home and Another Country are used to show the damaging psychological and physical effects of World War I. Hemingway is able to explain these affects of war to his readers most effectively. This is because of his firsthand experience in his involvement in World War I. He had been exposed to the horrors of war himself. In the story Soldiers Home a man who represents Hemingway comes home from World War I much to late. No one appreciated what he had done for his country and was forever psychologically damaged. He came home as a totally different person and now couldnt lead a normal life. He didnt have the will to work or obtain an education. The American soldiers in Another Country where forever damaged by the war. Each of these men couldnt even leave Europe because of their injuries. These men can never return home and pick up from where they left off. Their injuries will hold them all back from doing the things they love most. One mans injuries held him back from being with his sick wife back at home. These two short stories are perfect examples of how war can change a mans life forever.